231 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
231 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
# Kubernetes cluster manifests
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## Introduction
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This is the Kubernetes manifests of services running on k-space.ee domains.
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The applications are listed on https://auth2.k-space.ee for authenticated users.
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## Cluster access
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General discussion is happening in the `#kube` Slack channel.
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<details><summary>Bootstrapping access</summary>
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For bootstrap access obtain `/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf` from one of the master
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nodes and place it under `~/.kube/config` on your machine.
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Once Passmower is working, OIDC access for others can be enabled with
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running following on Kubernetes masters:
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```bash
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patch /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml - << EOF
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@@ -23,6 +23,10 @@
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- --etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-etcd-client.crt
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- --etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-etcd-client.key
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- --etcd-servers=https://127.0.0.1:2379
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+ - --oidc-issuer-url=https://auth2.k-space.ee/
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+ - --oidc-client-id=oidc-gateway.kubelogin
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+ - --oidc-username-claim=sub
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+ - --oidc-groups-claim=groups
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- --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-kubelet-client.crt
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- --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-kubelet-client.key
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- --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname
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EOF
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sudo systemctl daemon-reload
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systemctl restart kubelet
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```
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</details>
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The following can be used to talk to the Kubernetes cluster using OIDC credentials:
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```bash
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kubectl krew install oidc-login
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mkdir -p ~/.kube
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cat << EOF > ~/.kube/config
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apiVersion: v1
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clusters:
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- cluster:
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certificate-authority-data: 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server: https://master.kube.k-space.ee:6443
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name: kubernetes
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contexts:
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- context:
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cluster: kubernetes
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user: oidc
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name: default
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current-context: default
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kind: Config
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preferences: {}
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users:
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- name: oidc
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user:
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exec:
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apiVersion: client.authentication.k8s.io/v1beta1
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args:
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- oidc-login
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- get-token
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- --oidc-issuer-url=https://auth2.k-space.ee/
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- --oidc-client-id=oidc-gateway.kubelogin
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- --oidc-use-pkce
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- --oidc-extra-scope=profile,email,groups
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- --listen-address=127.0.0.1:27890
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command: kubectl
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env: null
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provideClusterInfo: false
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EOF
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```
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For access control mapping see [cluster-role-bindings.yml](cluster-role-bindings.yml)
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### systemd-resolved issues on access
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```sh
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Unable to connect to the server: dial tcp: lookup master.kube.k-space.ee on 127.0.0.53:53: no such host
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```
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```
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Network → VPN → `IPv4` → Other nameservers (Muud nimeserverid): `172.21.0.1`
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Network → VPN → `IPv6` → Other nameservers (Muud nimeserverid): `2001:bb8:4008:21::1`
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Network → VPN → `IPv4` → Search domains (Otsingudomeenid): `kube.k-space.ee`
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Network → VPN → `IPv6` → Search domains (Otsingudomeenid): `kube.k-space.ee`
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```
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# Technology mapping
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Our self-hosted Kubernetes stack compared to AWS based deployments:
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| Hipster startup | Self-hosted hackerspace | Purpose |
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|-------------------|-------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------|
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| AWS ALB | Traefik | Reverse proxy also known as ingress controller in Kubernetes jargon |
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| AWS AMP | Prometheus Operator | Monitoring and alerting |
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| AWS CloudTrail | ECK Operator | Log aggregation |
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| AWS DocumentDB | MongoDB Community Operator | Highly available NoSQL database |
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| AWS EBS | Longhorn | Block storage for arbitrary applications needing persistent storage |
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| AWS EC2 | Proxmox | Virtualization layer |
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| AWS ECR | Harbor | Docker registry |
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| AWS EKS | kubeadm | Provision Kubernetes master nodes |
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| AWS NLB | MetalLB | L2/L3 level load balancing |
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| AWS RDS for MySQL | MySQL Operator | Provision highly available relational databases |
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| AWS Route53 | Bind and RFC2136 | DNS records and Let's Encrypt DNS validation |
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| AWS S3 | Minio Operator | Highly available object storage |
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| AWS VPC | Calico | Overlay network |
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| Dex | Passmower | ACL mapping and OIDC provider which integrates with GitHub/Samba |
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| GitHub Actions | Drone | Build Docker images |
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| GitHub | Gitea | Source code management, issue tracking |
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| GitHub OAuth2 | Samba (Active Directory compatible) | Source of truth for authentication and authorization |
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| Gmail | Wildduck | E-mail |
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External dependencies running as classic virtual machines:
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- Bind as DNS server
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## Adding applications
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Deploy applications via [ArgoCD](https://argocd.k-space.ee)
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We use Treafik with Passmower for Ingress.
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Applications where possible and where applicable should use `Remote-User`
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authentication. This prevents application exposure on public Internet.
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Otherwise use OpenID Connect for authentication,
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see Argo itself as an example how that is done.
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See `camtiler/ingress.yml` for commented Ingress example.
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Note that we do not use IngressRoute objects because they don't
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support `external-dns` out of the box.
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Do NOT add nginx annotations, we use Traefik.
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Do NOT manually add DNS records, they are added by `external-dns`.
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Do NOT manually create Certificate objects,
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these should be handled by `tls:` section in Ingress.
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## Cluster formation
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Created Ubuntu 22.04 VM-s on Proxmox with local storage.
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Added some ARM64 workers by using Ubuntu 22.04 server on Raspberry Pi.
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After machines have booted up and you can reach them via SSH:
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```
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# Disable Ubuntu caching DNS resolver
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systemctl disable systemd-resolved.service
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systemctl stop systemd-resolved
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rm -fv /etc/resolv.conf
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cat > /etc/resolv.conf << EOF
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nameserver 1.1.1.1
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nameserver 8.8.8.8
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EOF
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# Disable multipathd as Longhorn handles that itself
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systemctl mask multipathd snapd
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systemctl disable --now multipathd snapd bluetooth ModemManager hciuart wpa_supplicant packagekit
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# Permit root login
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sed -i -e 's/PermitRootLogin no/PermitRootLogin without-password/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
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systemctl reload ssh
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cat ~ubuntu/.ssh/authorized_keys > /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
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userdel -f ubuntu
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apt-get install -yqq linux-image-generic
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apt-get remove -yq cloud-init linux-image-*-kvm
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```
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On master:
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```
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kubeadm init --token-ttl=120m --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 --control-plane-endpoint "master.kube.k-space.ee:6443" --upload-certs --apiserver-cert-extra-sans master.kube.k-space.ee --node-name master1.kube.k-space.ee
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```
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For the `kubeadm join` command specify FQDN via `--node-name $(hostname -f)`.
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Set AZ labels:
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```
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for j in $(seq 1 9); do
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for t in master mon worker storage; do
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kubectl label nodes ${t}${j}.kube.k-space.ee topology.kubernetes.io/zone=node${j}
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done
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done
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```
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After forming the cluster add taints:
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```bash
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for j in $(seq 1 9); do
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kubectl label nodes worker${j}.kube.k-space.ee node-role.kubernetes.io/worker=''
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done
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for j in $(seq 1 4); do
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kubectl taint nodes mon${j}.kube.k-space.ee dedicated=monitoring:NoSchedule
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kubectl label nodes mon${j}.kube.k-space.ee dedicated=monitoring
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done
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for j in $(seq 1 4); do
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kubectl taint nodes storage${j}.kube.k-space.ee dedicated=storage:NoSchedule
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kubectl label nodes storage${j}.kube.k-space.ee dedicated=storage
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done
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```
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For `arm64` nodes add suitable taint to prevent scheduling non-multiarch images on them:
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```bash
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kubectl taint nodes worker9.kube.k-space.ee arch=arm64:NoSchedule
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```
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For door controllers:
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```
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for j in ground front back; do
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kubectl taint nodes door-${j}.kube.k-space.ee dedicated=door:NoSchedule
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kubectl label nodes door-${j}.kube.k-space.ee dedicated=door
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kubectl taint nodes door-${j}.kube.k-space.ee arch=arm64:NoSchedule
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done
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```
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To reduce wear on storage:
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```
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echo StandardOutput=null >> /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubeadm.conf
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systemctl daemon-reload
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systemctl restart kubelet
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```
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