diff --git a/consts.py b/consts.py
index ac9b857..30686cc 100644
--- a/consts.py
+++ b/consts.py
@@ -5,3 +5,4 @@ PROVISIONER_VERSION = "0.7.0"
 DATA_DIR = "/data"
 CONFIG = {}
 RESOURCE_EXHAUSTED_EXIT_CODE = 101
+VOLUME_IN_USE_EXIT_CODE = 102
diff --git a/rawfile_servicer.py b/rawfile_servicer.py
index 14074d5..378c863 100644
--- a/rawfile_servicer.py
+++ b/rawfile_servicer.py
@@ -5,7 +5,12 @@ import grpc
 from google.protobuf.wrappers_pb2 import BoolValue
 
 import rawfile_util
-from consts import PROVISIONER_VERSION, PROVISIONER_NAME, RESOURCE_EXHAUSTED_EXIT_CODE
+from consts import (
+    PROVISIONER_VERSION,
+    PROVISIONER_NAME,
+    RESOURCE_EXHAUSTED_EXIT_CODE,
+    VOLUME_IN_USE_EXIT_CODE,
+)
 from csi import csi_pb2, csi_pb2_grpc
 from declarative import be_symlink, be_absent
 from fs_util import device_stats, mountpoint_to_dev
@@ -208,7 +213,13 @@ class RawFileControllerServicer(csi_pb2_grpc.ControllerServicer):
 
     @log_grpc_request
     def DeleteVolume(self, request, context):
-        scrub(volume_id=request.volume_id)
+        try:
+            scrub(volume_id=request.volume_id)
+        except CalledProcessError as exc:
+            if exc.returncode == VOLUME_IN_USE_EXIT_CODE:
+                context.abort(grpc.StatusCode.FAILED_PRECONDITION, "Volume in use")
+            else:
+                raise exc
         return csi_pb2.DeleteVolumeResponse()
 
     @log_grpc_request
diff --git a/remote.py b/remote.py
index b3b9412..b77d75c 100644
--- a/remote.py
+++ b/remote.py
@@ -3,12 +3,20 @@ from util import remote_fn
 
 def scrub(volume_id):
     import time
+    from subprocess import CalledProcessError
+
     import rawfile_util
+    from consts import VOLUME_IN_USE_EXIT_CODE
 
     img_dir = rawfile_util.img_dir(volume_id)
     if not img_dir.exists():
         return
 
+    img_file = rawfile_util.img_file(volume_id)
+    loops = rawfile_util.attached_loops(img_file)
+    if len(loops) > 0:
+        raise CalledProcessError(returncode=VOLUME_IN_USE_EXIT_CODE, cmd="")
+
     now = time.time()
     deleted_at = now
     gc_at = now  # TODO: GC sensitive PVCs later